Links to information on Outdoor Lighting and
Light Pollution
Organizations:
International
Dark Sky Association ......Invaluable Source for Lighting
Information
Illuminating
Engineering Society of North America
British
Astronomical Association - Campaign For Dark Skies
The International Association for Energy-Efficient Lighting (IAEEL)
PA
Department of Environmental Protection - Efficient Outdoor Lighting
New
England Light Pollution Advisory Group (NELPAG)
Light Pollution Reduction Efforts:
Virginia Outdoor Lighting Taskforce
New York - Sensible and Efficient Lighting To Enhance the Nighttime Environment
Outdoor Lighting and Crime:
PREVENTING CRIME: WHAT WORKS, WHAT DOESN'T, WHAT'S PROMISING - Chapter 7 - Preventing Crime at Places
1996 Report to the United States Congress Prepared for the National Institute of Justice.
See the section on lighting for Open Public Spaces in cities, including street corners and segments.
From Chapter 7:
"Is street lighting an effective approach in the reduction and deterrence of crime? The answer is inconclusive. The paucity of reliable and uniform data and the inadequacy of available evaluation studies preclude a definitive statement regarding the relationship between street lighting and crime." (Tien, et. al. 1979, page 93, emphasis in the original)
"Not much has changed since Tien and his colleagues (1979) gave their critical assessment of the impact of lighting on crime. In part this is due to the lack of research on lighting, particularly in the United States. However, the limited research on lighting continues to use weak designs (typically without control areas) which fail to substantially reduce our uncertainty about the effect of lighting on crime. We may speculate that lighting is effective in some places, ineffective in others, and counter productive in still other circumstances. The problematic relationship between lighting and crime increases when one considers that offenders need lighting to detect potential targets and low-risk situations (Fleming and Burrows 1986). Consider lighting at outside ATM machines, for example. An ATM user might feel safer when the ATM and its immediate surrounding area are well lit. However, this same lighting makes the patron more visible to passing offenders. Who the lighting serves is unclear."
Click here to see the entire National Institute of Justice report
Report prepared by Lawrence W. Sherman, Denise Gottfredson, Doris MacKenzie, John Eck, Peter Reuter, and Shawn Bushway, Department of Criminology and Criminal Justice University of Maryland
Outdoor Lighting and the Environment:
Ecological Consequences of Artificial Night Lighting Conference abstracts from the Urban Wildlands Group and UCLA Institute of the Environment
Model Outdoor Lighting Ordinances:
Tucson and Pima County Arizona Outdoor Lighting Control Ordinances
Light Pollution Satellite Images:
Worldwide Night Sky Brightness Maps
Light Pollution Information
Skykeepers.........Includes Links to Recent Light Pollution Articles
National Lighting Inventory and Energy Consumption Estimate - US DOE 2002.........The Lighting Market Characterization study is a multiyear program to evaluate light sources in the United States, and identify opportunities for saving energy.
Sources For Shielded Light Fixtures:
Good
Lighting Fixtures and Where to Get Them - by IDA
Glare
Buster Shielded Home Fixture
Environmentally Friendy Lighting by Green Earth Lighting
Environmentally Friendly Lighting by Starry Night Lights
Sky Quality Meter Log Hopewell Big Woods
